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| 1859 |
| | | Frozen remains and a document are finally found to reveal the fate of the Franklin expedition of 1845 to the NorthWest Passage | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The British North America Act, acknowledging the fears of French Catholics in Canada, guarantees the rights of "dissentient schools" | |
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| 1867 |
| | | Four former colonies (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec) unite to form the new nation of Canada with Ottawa as the capital | |
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| 1867 |
| | | The Canadian nation is called the Dominion of Canada – the first example of 'dominion status' | |
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| 1869 |
| | | The territory of the Hudson's Bay Company is transferred to the new state of Canada | |
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| 1870 |
| | | The Red River rebellion in Winnipeg (1869) prompts the creation of Manitoba as a province of Canada | |
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| 1871 |
| | | British Columbia agrees to join the Canadian confederation on the promise of a transcontinental railway | |
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| 1873 |
| | | Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian confederation, completing the first batch of Canada's provinces | |
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| 1873 |
| | | The North-West Mounted Police are formed, with the specific task of policing the wild Northwest Territories of Canada | |
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| 1890 |
| | | The Manitoba Schools Question reflects the first major clash in independent Canada between French and British interests | |
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